One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme. Such programmes offer plenty of opportunities for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see yourself working there after completing your training.
This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have completed your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognized training programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one of the jobs vocational training fairs which are organised in many German cities at different times in the year.
Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good. This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Question 28: How many German school leavers choose this vocational training programme?
A. Around one out of five
B. Well over 75%
C. About 66%
D. Less than a third
👉 Đáp án đúng: C. About 66%
👉 Giải thích: Thông tin này nằm ở câu cuối cùng của đoạn văn: "This kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all students leaving school go on tostart a vocational training programme."
Question 29: The word "it" in the first paragraph refers to ______.
A. organization
B. company
C. knowledge
D. machinery
👉 Đáp án đúng: B. company
👉 Giải thích: Đại từ "it" trong câu "The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to..." đại diện cho "a company" ở câu trước. Đoạn này nói về việc ngoài thời gian học lý thuyết ở trường nghề, học viên sẽ làm việc tại một công ty để áp dụng kiến thức.
Question 30: Which of the following statements best describes the dual vocational training programmes?
A. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and practical working experience.
B. These programmes consist of an intensive theoretical course of two and a half years at a vocational school.
C. These programmes require you to have only practical working time at a certain company.
D. These programmes offer you some necessary technical skills to do your future job.
👉 Đáp án đúng: A. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and practical working experience.
👉 Giải thích: Đây là mô tả chính xác nhất, được phản ánh qua các câu như: "Programmes usually last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements..." và "This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job..."
Question 31: The word "hands-on" in the second paragraph is CLOSEST in meaning to ______.
A. technical
B. theoretical
C. practical
D. integral
👉 Đáp án đúng: C. practical
👉 Giải thích: "hands-on" nghĩa là thực hành, nhấn mạnh việc thực hành tại chỗ và áp dụng kiến thức
Các lựa chọn khác đều có tính chuyên môn cao, không phù hợp:
- Technical: mang tính kỹ thuật
- Theoretical: mang tính lý thuyết
- Integral: không thể thiếu
Question 32: Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?
A. Combination of Theory and Practice in Studying in Germany.
B. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany.
C. Higher Education System in Germany.
D. Employment Opportunities and Prospects in Germany.
👉 Đáp án đúng: B. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany.
👉 Giải thích: "Tựa đề này nhấn mạnh trọng tâm của toàn bộ đoạn văn - nói về mô hình đào tạo nghề kép ở Đức. Các tựa đề khác:
- A: Quá rộng, đoạn văn chỉ đề cập một khía cạnh trong giáo dục Đức
- C: Đoạn văn không đề cập đến giáo dục bậc đại học
- D: Mặc dù có nhắc đến triển vọng việc làm, nhưng đây không phải trọng tâm
